Flying is the only viable option these days for travelling over the sea, but do we really need to fly between cities in our own country? Maybe there is another solution, but the investment is vast.
The vision expressed here applies most readily to the European Union, the United States and Canada, Russia to some extent Australia and the Far East. Anywhere in fact which is seeing an increase in short haul flights over land.
As far as climate change is concerned there is not much that can be done about intercontinental and transatlantic flying. Unless we are to regress economically, such flights will have to continue for the foreseeable future. But recent years have seen a huge increase in short haul flights. It has become the way to get around in North America because of the distances involved. It is also increasing rapidly in Europe both for holiday purposes and business. This is a major contributing factor to the emissions of CO2 and is set to grow. Unless we can curtail the short haul market, a huge and growing factor in global warming will continue to exacerbate the demise of our planet. There is no Planet B!
Maglev train
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As for the UK, this might mean that the channel tunnel is given over to the Maglev network or even a new tunnel created. From London, the first stops would be at least Newcastle, then Edinburgh. On the other side, Birmingham, Manchester then Glasgow. The aim is to replace short haul flights, not conventional rail or even HS2 (which a Maglev network would probably supersede anyway).
A network of such Maglev routes, spanning Europe and into Russia, a network linking major centres across the USA, linking the centres of eastern Australia and running west through Adelaide to Perth, India and China too could use this system and in the further future again, spanning Africa and South America - you can see that this is a huge long term investment, running into billions and not in our lifetimes but this is an area where Europe can lead the way into a cleaner and greener future. The reward might be the planet itself.